Deus Absconditus: Dialektika Pemazmur dan Meister Eckhart untuk Menemukan Jalan Spiritual Mistik di Tengah Penderitaan

Stefanus Christian Haryono

doi:10.30648/dun.v8i1.1118

Deus Absconditus: Dialektika Pemazmur dan Meister Eckhart untuk Menemukan Jalan Spiritual Mistik di Tengah Penderitaan

Stefanus Christian Haryono

Abstract

Abstract. This article focuses on the dialectical encounter of the cataphatic and apophatic spirituality paths which are by psalmist based on “why” and Meister Eckhart on “without why” in responding to the reality of life, especially amid suffering. For the psalmist, the where, why, and when questions arise not from doubt but from Yahweh’s steadfast love (ḥesed). Even though the psalmist and Eckhart have different perspectives, the dialectic leads to discovery of the other side of God’s face, namely Deus absconditus, the absent God. The dialectically contributed theologically to the form of discovering mystical spirituality amid the agony. At the same time, this enlightens Christians about a mystical path that the face of God can be found not only in Immanuel but also in Deus absconditus; God’s presence is through His absence.

Abstrak. Artikel ini berfokus pada perjumpaan dialektik jalan spiritualitas katafatik dan apofatik oleh pemazmur yang mendasarkan pada “mengapa” dan Meister Eckhart pada “tanpa mengapa” dalam menyikapi realitas kehidupan, terkhusus di tengah penderitaan. Bagi pemazmur, pertanyaan di mana, mengapa, dan kapan, bukan muncul dari keraguan melainkan dari keyakinan pada kasih setia (ḥesed) Yahweh. Sekalipun pemazmur dan Eckhart memiliki perspektif yang berbeda, namun dialektika tersebut menuju pada penemuan sisi lain wajah Allah, yaitu Deus absconditus, Allah yang absen. Perjumpaan dialektik tersebut memberikan kontribusi secara teologis berupa penemuan spiritualitas mistik di penderitaan. Ini sekaligus memberikan pencerahan bagi orang Kristen tentang jalan mistik bahwa wajah Allah dapat ditemukan tidak hanya pada Immanuel melainkan juga pada Deus absconditus; Allah yang hadir melalui ketidakhadiranNya.

Keywords

apofatik; apophatic; cataphatic; Deus absconditus; katafatik; Meister Eckhart; mistik; mystic; pemazmur; psalmist; spiritualitas; spirituality

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alam, Sarah Oktaviani. “Varian Arcturus Naik Kelas Jadi Variant of Interest, Seberapa Bahaya Kata WHO?” detik.com, 2023. https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-6687127/varian-arcturus-naik-kelas-jadi-variant-of-interest-seberapa-bahaya-kata-who.

Anderson, Bernhard W. Out of the Depths: The Psalms Speak for Us Today. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1983.

Baxter, Jason M. An Introduction to Christian Mysticism: Recovering the Wilderness of Spiritual Life. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2021.

Bracken, Joseph A. The Divine Matrix: Creativity as Link between East and West. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2006.

Connolly, John M. Living without Why: Meister Eckhart’s Critique of the Medieval Concept of Will. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Cullison, Andrew. “Two Solutions to the Problem of Divine Hiddenness.” American Philosophical Quarterly 47, no. 2 (2010): 119–34. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40606890.

Dewi, Retia Kartika, and Sari Hardiyanto. “Alasan Seseorang Menutupi Covid-19 Yang Dideritanya.” Kompas.com, 2020. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/04/30/201304865/alasan-seseorang-kerap-menutupi-covid-19-yang-dideritanya?page=all.

Dionysius Aeropagite. Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works. New York: Paulist Press, 1987.

Dobrzeniecki, Marek, and Derek S. King. “The Theology of Hiddenness: J. L. Schellenberg, Divine Hiddenness, and the Role of Theology.” Roczniki Filozoficzne 69, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 105–22. https://doi.org/10.18290/RF21693-7.

Dumsday, Travis. “Divine Hiddenness as Divine Mercy.” Religious Studies 48, no. 2 (June 2012): 183–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412511000199.

Gregory of Nyssa. The Life of Moses. New York: Paulist Press, 1978.

Gunadha, Reza, and Farah Nabilla. “Keluarga Dikucilkan Karena Covid-19, Jalan Menuju Rumah Diblokade.” Suara.com, 2020. https://www.suara.com/news/2020/11/12/205004/keluarga-dikucilkan-karena-covid-19-jalan-menuju-rumah-diblokade?page=all.

Hadiwardoyo, Wibowo. “Kerugian Ekonomi Nasional Akibat Pandemi Covid-19.” BASKARA : Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 83–92. https://doi.org/10.54268/BASKARA.2.2.83-92.

Howells, Edward. “Apophatic Spirituality.” In The New Westminster Dictionary of Christian Spirituality, edited by Philip Sheldrake. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2013.

Johnston, William. Mystical Theology: The Science of Love. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Book, 1995.

Kugel, James L. “Topics in the History of the Spirituality of the Psalms.” In Jewish Spirituality: From the Bible through the Middle Ages, edited by Arthur Green. New York: Crossroad, 1996.

Louth, Andrew. “Apophatic and Cataphatic Theology.” In The Cambridge Companion to Christian Mysticism, edited by Amy Hollywood and Patricia Z. Beckman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

———. “What Di Vladimir Lossky Mean by ‘Mystical’ Theology?” In Mystical Theology and Contemporary Spiritual Practice: Renewing the Contemplative Tradition, edited by Amy Hollywood and Patricia Z. Beckman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

McCann, Jr., J. Clinton. A Theological Introduction to the Book of Psalms: The Psalms as Torah. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1993.

McGinn, Bernard. “The Harvest of Mysticism in Medieval Germany (1300-1500).” In The Presence of God: A History of Western Christian Mysticism, Vol. 4. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 2005.

———. The Mystical Thought of Meister Eckhart: The Man from Whom God Hid Nothing. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 2001.

———. “Vere Tu Es Deus Absconditus: The Hidden God in Luther and Some Mystics.” In Silence and the World: Negative Theology and Incarnation, edited by Oliver Davies and Denys Turner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

McGrath, Alister E. Christian Spirituality. Oxford: Blackweell Publishing, 1999.

McIntosh, Mark A. Mystical Theology: The Integrity of Spirituality and Theology. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 1998.

Nicholas of Cusa. Nicholas of Cusa: Selected Spiritual Writings. New York: Paulist Press, 1997.

Perrin, David B. “Mysticism.” In The Blackwell Companion to Christian Spirituality, edited by Arthur Holder. Malden, MA: The Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

———. Studying Christian Spirituality. New York: Routledge, 2007.

Radler, Charlotte C. “Meister Eckhart, Johannes Tauler, and Henry Suso.” In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Mysticism, edited by Julia A. Lamm. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2017.

Rahner, Karl. The Practice of Faith: A Handbook of Contemporary Spirituality. New York: Crossroad, 1983.

Roy, Louis. Mystical Consciousness: Western Perspectives and Dialogue with Japanese Thinkers. New York: State University of New York Press, 2003.

Savage, Maddy. “Mengapa Angka Perceraian Di Berbagai Negara Melonjak Saat Pandemi Covid-19?” BBC News Indonesia, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/vert-cap-55284729.

Schneiders, Sandra M. “Christian Spirituality: Definition, Methods and Types.” In The New Westminster Dictionary of Christian Spirituality, edited by Philip Sheldrake. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2013.

Sells, Michael A. Mystical Language of Unsaying. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Söelle, Dorothee. Suffering. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984.

Sofjan, Dicky, and Muhammad Wildan, eds. Virus, Manusia, Tuhan: Refleksi Lintas Iman Tentang Covid-19. Yogjakarta: ICRS, 2020.

Tyson, John R., ed. Invitation to Christian Spirituality: An Ecumenical Anthology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Wardhani, Anita K. “Masyarakat Indonesia Masih Anggap Corona Aib, Banyak Yang Malu Umumkan Terpapar Covid-19.” TribunNews.com, 2021. https://www.tribunnews.com/corona/2021/02/09/masyarakat-indonesia-masih-anggap-corona-aib-banyak-yang-malu-umumkan-terpapar-covid-19.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v8i1.1118